有时候无意的提交代码 push 到本地主/开发分支时, 你有没有想过把头撞到墙上? 一般这种情况下 我们能通过 `git reset HEAD files` 来取消提交 (unstage), 但是, 这还是挺让人不爽的.
还好, git 提供了很多 hooks 挂钩, 这些挂钩可以在事件完成前后做些检查, 其中 pre-push 就用于在推送代码前进行检查, 当脚本返回1时, 那么动作将停止, 而返回0时则表示一切正常可以继续提交.
pre-push 是 BASH脚本, 在每个代码仓库下的 一个隐藏文件夹 .git/hooks 下. 其中有一个 pre-push 的样例:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 | #!/bin/sh # An example hook script to verify what is about to be pushed. Called by "git # push" after it has checked the remote status, but before anything has been # pushed. If this script exits with a non-zero status nothing will be pushed. # # This hook is called with the following parameters: # # $1 -- Name of the remote to which the push is being done # $2 -- URL to which the push is being done # # If pushing without using a named remote those arguments will be equal. # # Information about the commits which are being pushed is supplied as lines to # the standard input in the form: # # <local ref> </local><local sha1> <remote ref> </remote><remote sha1> # # This sample shows how to prevent push of commits where the log message starts # with "WIP" (work in progress). remote="$1" url="$2" z40=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 while read local_ref local_sha remote_ref remote_sha do if [ "$local_sha" = $z40 ] then # Handle delete : else if [ "$remote_sha" = $z40 ] then # New branch, examine all commits range="$local_sha" else # Update to existing branch, examine new commits range="$remote_sha..$local_sha" fi # Check for WIP commit commit=`git rev-list -n 1 --grep '^WIP' "$range"` if [ -n "$commit" ] then echo >&2 "Found WIP commit in $local_ref, not pushing" exit 1 fi fi done exit 0 |
#!/bin/sh # An example hook script to verify what is about to be pushed. Called by "git # push" after it has checked the remote status, but before anything has been # pushed. If this script exits with a non-zero status nothing will be pushed. # # This hook is called with the following parameters: # # $1 -- Name of the remote to which the push is being done # $2 -- URL to which the push is being done # # If pushing without using a named remote those arguments will be equal. # # Information about the commits which are being pushed is supplied as lines to # the standard input in the form: # # <local ref> </local><local sha1> <remote ref> </remote><remote sha1> # # This sample shows how to prevent push of commits where the log message starts # with "WIP" (work in progress). remote="$1" url="$2" z40=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 while read local_ref local_sha remote_ref remote_sha do if [ "$local_sha" = $z40 ] then # Handle delete : else if [ "$remote_sha" = $z40 ] then # New branch, examine all commits range="$local_sha" else # Update to existing branch, examine new commits range="$remote_sha..$local_sha" fi # Check for WIP commit commit=`git rev-list -n 1 --grep '^WIP' "$range"` if [ -n "$commit" ] then echo >&2 "Found WIP commit in $local_ref, not pushing" exit 1 fi fi done exit 0
我们可以通过下面的脚本检查 当前是否在主分支上, 主分支可以自定义: 比如 master, origin/develop, develop 等. 以下脚本需要通过命令 chmod +x pre-push 让其可执行. 当当前分支是主分支时, 则返回1, 否则返回0表示正常继续.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | #!/bin/bash # run `chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-push` (We make the hook executable by using the chmod utility.) # To bypass this hook and force the push, use 'git push --no-verify' master_branches=('origin/develop' 'master' 'develop') current_branch=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD | sed -e 's,.*/\(.*\),\1,') for branch in "${master_branches[@]}" do if [ $branch = $current_branch ]; then echo "You're about to push $branch and you don't want that" exit 1 fi done exit 0 |
#!/bin/bash # run `chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-push` (We make the hook executable by using the chmod utility.) # To bypass this hook and force the push, use 'git push --no-verify' master_branches=('origin/develop' 'master' 'develop') current_branch=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD | sed -e 's,.*/\(.*\),\1,') for branch in "${master_branches[@]}" do if [ $branch = $current_branch ]; then echo "You're about to push $branch and you don't want that" exit 1 fi done exit 0
使用例子:
1 2 3 4 5 | $ git branch * master $ git push origin master You're about to push master and you don't want that error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/DoctorLai/ACM.git' |
$ git branch * master $ git push origin master You're about to push master and you don't want that error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/DoctorLai/ACM.git'
由于每个代码仓库中含有一份 pre-push, 您可以通过以下命令把根目录下的 pre-push 给复制到每一个子代码仓库中.
1 | find . -type d -name "hooks" | grep ".git/hooks" | xargs echo cp pre-push |
find . -type d -name "hooks" | grep ".git/hooks" | xargs echo cp pre-push
Windows 下的代码仓库应该用的也是 bash 语言编写的 pre-push 脚本, 否则, 以下 windows 批处理可能可以用.
@echo off REM pre-push.cmd REM To bypass this hook and force the push, use 'git push --no-verify' setlocal enabledelayedexpansion set branches=origin^/develop master develop for /f "tokens=2" %%i in ('git branch') do (set current=%%i) for %%j in (%branches%) do ( if /i "%%j"=="%current%" ( echo You're about to push to %%j, you don't want that exit /b 1 ) ) endlocal exit /b 0
Git 还有其它的 Hooks 检查, 比如: git 小技巧: 通过pre-commit hook 来防止程序员把其它测试给禁用了
英文: How to Prevent Commiting to master/develop branch by Accidents using Pre-push Hooks in Git?
–EOF (The Ultimate Computing & Technology Blog) —
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